This review paper walks through how mesenchymal stem cells produce exosomes, what these tiny vesicles contain, and how their unique composition makes them therapeutic across a wide range of diseases. The authors cover exosome biogenesis at a molecular level and connect it to clinical applications.

By understanding the building blocks of exosomes, clinicians can better predict and explain how exosome therapy works for different conditions. This paper is a comprehensive reference for the science underlying exosome-based treatment.

This is a research reference from our clinical library. Approved by the Chambers Clinic Team — last reviewed May 28, 2026.